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f7dd86f1d3
| Author | SHA1 | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
| f7dd86f1d3 | |||
| 5c438abb95 |
@ -359,6 +359,74 @@ config.yml
|
||||
- `rsync -avz /path/to/file/filename.txt user_name@ip:/path/to/file` - передать файл на удалённый сервер
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||||
- `rsync -avz user_name@ip:/path/to/filename.txt .` - загрузить файл с удалённого сервера
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||||
|
||||
#### Цепочка самоподписных сертификатов
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||||
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||||
- Создаём корневой (Root) CA
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```bash
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||||
# корневой ключ
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openssl genrsa -out rootCA.key 4096
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# самоподписанный корневой сертификат (10 лет)
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||||
openssl req -x509 -new -key rootCA.key -days 3650 -sha256 \
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||||
-subj "/C=RU/O=BFT/CN=My-server-Root" \
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-out rootCA.crt
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Конфиг OpenSSL для CSR
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||||
```conf
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||||
[ req ]
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distinguished_name = dn
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||||
req_extensions = v3_req
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||||
prompt = no
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||||
|
||||
[ dn ]
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CN = dns
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||||
|
||||
[ v3_req ]
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keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
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||||
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
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||||
subjectAltName = @alt_names
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||||
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[ alt_names ]
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DNS.1 = dns
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IP.1 = ip
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||||
```
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||||
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||||
- Генерируем ключ + CSR и подписываем его корневым CA
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||||
```bash
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||||
# ключ и CSR
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openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
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openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf
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# выдаём серверный сертификат (825 дней — максимум для TLS-сертификата)
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openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA rootCA.crt -CAkey rootCA.key \
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-CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 825 -sha256 \
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||||
-extfile openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
- Собираем PKCS#12-хранилище
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||||
```bash
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openssl pkcs12 -export \
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-inkey server.key \
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-in server.crt \
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-certfile rootCA.crt \
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-out keystore.p12 \
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-name tomcat
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-password pass:PASSWORD
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```
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||||
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- Проверки
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```bash
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# посмотреть содержимое keystore.p12
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openssl pkcs12 -in keystore.p12 -nokeys -info
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# запускает tls-рукопожатие, записывает вывод
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openssl s_client -connect srv-sp:8443 -showcerts
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# проверить цепочку сертификатов
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openssl verify -CAfile rootCA.crt server.crt
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# посмотреть cn и issuer у сертииката
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openssl x509 -in файл.crt -noout -subject -issuer
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```
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||||
|
||||
### Диски
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- `fdisk -l`
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@ -460,6 +528,8 @@ resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_local-root # или xfs_growfs
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||||
- `cat <filename> | grep -P "restrict(ed|ing)"` - ну понятно
|
||||
- `grep -v '^ *#\|^ *$' /etc/squid/squid.conf` - вывести все незакомментированные строки
|
||||
|
||||
- `grep -rI '150.241.66.94' /etc` - все вхождения в каталоге `/etc`, кроме бинарных
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
??? info "Флаги grep"
|
||||
Если не работает корректная регулярка, добавить один из этих флагов
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||||
@ -554,4 +624,3 @@ Logrotate - это системная утилита Linux, которая уп
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||||
- `atop` - мегаtop (-d детализация по дискам, -m детализация по памяти)
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||||
- `perf`
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||||
- `smartctl` - инфа по дискам
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||||
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||||
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@ -259,4 +259,948 @@ increase(<метрика>[<интервал>])
|
||||
|
||||
- `promtool check config prometheus.yml`- проверка синтаксиса
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||||
- `promtool check rules rules.yml` - проверка синтаксиса
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||||
- `promtool test rules rules_test.yml`
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||||
- `promtool test rules rules_test.yml`
|
||||
|
||||
### Telegraf
|
||||
|
||||
- `telegraf --test --config /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf --input-filter tail` - запустить телеграф в режиме отладки
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### PostgreSQL Exporter
|
||||
|
||||
- Создать пользователя для мониторинга
|
||||
```sql
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||||
CREATE USER postgres_exporter WITH PASSWORD 'password';
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||||
ALTER USER postgres_exporter SET SEARCH_PATH TO pg_catalog;
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||||
GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE postgres TO postgres_exporter;
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||||
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_catalog TO postgres_exporter;
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||||
GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION pg_ls_waldir TO postgres_exporter;
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||||
GRANT pg_read_all_stats TO postgres_exporter;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Установить Exporter
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||||
```bash
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||||
wget https://github.com/prometheus-community/postgres_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.1/postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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tar -xzvf postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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||||
rm postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
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cd postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64/
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mv postgres_exporter /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
cd ..
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||||
rm -rf postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64/
|
||||
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/postgres_exporter
|
||||
/usr/local/bin/postgres_exporter --version
|
||||
```
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||||
|
||||
- Добавить в `postgresql.conf`
|
||||
```conf
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ssl = on
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||||
ssl_cert_file = '/etc/postgresql/ssl/server.crt'
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ssl_key_file = '/etc/postgresql/ssl/server.key'
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ssl_ca_file = '/etc/postgresql/ssl/root.crt'
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```
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|
||||
- Сгенирировать серты, включая корневой (самоподписные)
|
||||
```bash
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mkdir -p /etc/postgresql/ssl
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chown postgres:postgres /etc/postgresql/ssl
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chmod 700 /etc/postgresql/ssl
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||||
|
||||
openssl genrsa -out /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.key 4096
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||||
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.key -sha256 -days 3650 \
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||||
-out /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.crt \
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||||
-subj "/CN=PostgreSQL Root CA"
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||||
chmod 600 /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.key
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||||
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||||
|
||||
openssl genrsa -out /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.key 2048
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openssl req -new -key /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.key -out /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.csr \
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-subj "/CN=$(hostname)"
|
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openssl x509 -req -in /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.csr -CA /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.crt \
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-CAkey /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.key -CAcreateserial -out /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.crt \
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-days 3650 -sha256
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chmod 600 /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.key
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chown postgres:postgres /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.*
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl restart postgresql
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Ограничить в `pg_hba.conf` доступ для пользователя `postgres_exporter`
|
||||
```conf
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||||
hostssl postgres postgres_exporter 127.0.0.1/32 scram-sha-256
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Конфигурируем клиент
|
||||
```bash
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||||
useradd -r -s /bin/false postgres_exporter
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||||
chown -R postgres_exporter:postgres_exporter /etc/postgres_exporter
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chmod 600 /etc/postgres_exporter/*
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||||
|
||||
mkdir -p /etc/postgres_exporter
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||||
cp /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.crt /etc/postgres_exporter/
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||||
chmod 700 /etc/postgres_exporter
|
||||
chmod 400 /etc/postgres_exporter/root.crt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Конфигурируем systemd
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Файл /etc/postgres_exporter/env
|
||||
DATA_SOURCE_NAME=postgresql://postgres_exporter:password@127.0.0.1:5432/postgres?sslmode=verify-ca&sslrootcert=/etc/postgres_exporter/root.crt
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Файл /etc/systemd/system/postgres_exporter.service
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=PostgreSQL Exporter for Prometheus
|
||||
After=network.target
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
User=postgres_exporter
|
||||
Group=postgres_exporter
|
||||
EnvironmentFile=/etc/postgres_exporter/env
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/postgres_exporter
|
||||
|
||||
[Install]
|
||||
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Добавить в prometheus.yml
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
- job_name: 'postgres_exporter'
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets: ['localhost:9187']
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
systemctl restart prometheus
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### MariaDB Exporter
|
||||
|
||||
#### На сервере MariaDB
|
||||
|
||||
- Создать файл `openssl.cnf`
|
||||
```conf
|
||||
[ req ]
|
||||
prompt = no
|
||||
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
|
||||
req_extensions = v3_req
|
||||
|
||||
[ req_distinguished_name ]
|
||||
CN = 89.22.228.13
|
||||
|
||||
[ v3_req ]
|
||||
keyUsage = keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
|
||||
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
|
||||
subjectAltName = @alt_names
|
||||
|
||||
[ alt_names ]
|
||||
DNS.1 = mariadb.mcarov.pro
|
||||
IP.1 = 89.22.228.13
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Создаём серты
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mkdir -p /etc/mysql/ssl
|
||||
|
||||
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -days 3650 \
|
||||
-subj "/CN=MyMariaDB-CA" \
|
||||
-keyout /etc/mysql/ssl/ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-out /etc/mysql/ssl/ca.pem \
|
||||
-sha256 -days 3650
|
||||
|
||||
openssl req -new -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 \
|
||||
-keyout /etc/mysql/ssl/server-key.pem \
|
||||
-out /etc/mysql/ssl/server.csr \
|
||||
-config openssl.cnf
|
||||
|
||||
openssl x509 -req -in /etc/mysql/ssl/server.csr \
|
||||
-CA /etc/mysql/ssl/ca.pem -CAkey /etc/mysql/ssl/ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-CAcreateserial \
|
||||
-out /etc/mysql/ssl/server-cert.pem \
|
||||
-days 3650 -sha256 \
|
||||
-extensions v3_req -extfile openssl.cnf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- В конфиге MariaDB
|
||||
```conf
|
||||
[mysqld]
|
||||
ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/ca.pem
|
||||
ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/server-cert.pem
|
||||
ssl-key=/etc/mysql/ssl/server-key.pem
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Создать в базе пользователя экспортера
|
||||
```sql
|
||||
CREATE USER 'mariadb_exporter'@'192.109.139.92' IDENTIFIED BY 'mariadb_exporter';
|
||||
GRANT SELECT, PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, RELOAD ON *.* TO 'mariadb_exporter'@'192.109.139.92' IDENTIFIED BY 'mariadb_exporter';
|
||||
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### На сервере Exporter
|
||||
|
||||
- Ставим экспортер на вм, где есть Pronetheus Server
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.2/mysqld_exporter-0.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
tar -xzvf mysqld_exporter-0.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
rm mysqld_exporter-0.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
mv mysqld_exporter-0.17.2.linux-amd64/mysqld_exporter /usr/local/bin
|
||||
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mysqld_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Создаём пользователя для экспортера
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin mariadb_exporter
|
||||
mkdir -p /etc/mariadb_exporter
|
||||
chown -R mariadb_exporter:mariadb_exporter /etc/mariadb_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Создать `/etc/mariadb_exporter/.my.cnf`
|
||||
```conf
|
||||
[client]
|
||||
user=mariadb_exporter
|
||||
password=mariadb_exporter
|
||||
host=89.22.228.14
|
||||
ssl-ca=/etc/mariadb_exporter/ca.pem
|
||||
ssl-verify-server-cert
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
chown -R mariadb_exporter:mariadb_exporter /etc/mariadb_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Создаём Unit-файл
|
||||
```conf
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Prometheus MariaDB Exporter
|
||||
After=network.target
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
User=mariadb_exporter
|
||||
Group=mariadb_exporter
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/mysqld_exporter \
|
||||
--config.my-cnf=/etc/mariadb_exporter/.my.cnf
|
||||
Restart=on-failure
|
||||
|
||||
[Install]
|
||||
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
systemctl enable --now mariadb_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Добавляем в `prometheus.yml`
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
- job_name: 'mariadb_exporter'
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets: ['localhost:9104']
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Проверка
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl http://localhost:9104/metrics
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Alerts
|
||||
|
||||
### Устанавливаем `Alertmanager`
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin alertmanager
|
||||
|
||||
wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.28.1/alertmanager-0.28.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
tar -xzvf alertmanager-*.tar.gz
|
||||
mv alertmanager-*/alertmanager /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
mv alertmanager-*/amtool /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
chown alertmanager:alertmanager /usr/local/bin/alertmanager
|
||||
chown alertmanager:alertmanager /usr/local/bin/amtool
|
||||
rm -rf alertmanager-*
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Подготовка
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mkdir -p /etc/alertmanager
|
||||
mkdir -p /var/lib/alertmanager
|
||||
chown -R alertmanager:alertmanager /etc/alertmanager /var/lib/alertmanager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Файл `/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml`
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
global:
|
||||
resolve_timeout: 5m
|
||||
|
||||
route:
|
||||
group_by: ['alertname']
|
||||
group_wait: 30s
|
||||
group_interval: 5m
|
||||
repeat_interval: 1h
|
||||
receiver: 'default-receiver'
|
||||
|
||||
receivers:
|
||||
- name: 'default-receiver'
|
||||
webhook_configs:
|
||||
- url: 'http://localhost:9093/-/healthy' # временный URL для теста
|
||||
send_resolved: true
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Файл `/etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service`
|
||||
```conf
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Alertmanager
|
||||
Wants=network-online.target
|
||||
After=network-online.target
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
User=alertmanager
|
||||
Group=alertmanager
|
||||
Type=simple
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/alertmanager \
|
||||
--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml \
|
||||
--storage.path=/var/lib/alertmanager
|
||||
Restart=always
|
||||
|
||||
[Install]
|
||||
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
systemctl enable --now alertmanager
|
||||
systemctl status alertmanager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### HTTPS Alertmanager
|
||||
|
||||
- `vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/alertmanager.mcarov.pro`
|
||||
```conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name alertmanager.mcarov.pro;
|
||||
|
||||
location / {
|
||||
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9093;
|
||||
proxy_set_header Host $host;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/alertmanager.mcarov.pro /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
|
||||
nginx -t
|
||||
systemctl reload nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
certbot --nginx -d alertmanager.mcarov.pro
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Аутентификация
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/alertmanager/.htpasswd admin
|
||||
```
|
||||
```conf
|
||||
# Добавить в кофиг nginx
|
||||
auth_basic "Alertmanager";
|
||||
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/alertmanager/.htpasswd;
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
nginx -t
|
||||
systemctl reload nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Настройка алертов
|
||||
|
||||
- Добавить `Alertmanager` в `prometheus.yml`
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
alerting:
|
||||
alertmanagers:
|
||||
- static_configs:
|
||||
- targets: ['localhost:9093']
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
systemctl restart prometheus
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Проверка
|
||||
```
|
||||
# Должен вернуть ОК
|
||||
curl http://localhost:9093/-/healthy
|
||||
amtool check-config /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Создай бота в телеграм, создай чат, добавь его в чат
|
||||
- Получи `chat-id`
|
||||
!!! warning ""
|
||||
В чате должно быть минимум 1 сообщения
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl "https://api.telegram.org/bot<BOT_TOKEN>/getUpdates" | jq
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- `/etc/alertmanager/templates/telegram.tmpl`
|
||||
```
|
||||
{{ define "telegram.critical.message" }}
|
||||
{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}
|
||||
🔥 *[CRITICAL ALERT]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
|
||||
📌 **Instance**: {{ .CommonLabels.instance }}
|
||||
🕒 **Firing since**: {{ (.Alerts.Firing | first).StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
|
||||
📝 **Summary**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}
|
||||
{{ if .CommonAnnotations.runbook }}🔗 **Runbook**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.runbook }}{{ end }}
|
||||
{{ else }}
|
||||
✅ *[CRITICAL RESOLVED]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
|
||||
📌 **Instance**: {{ .CommonLabels.instance }}
|
||||
🕒 **Resolved at**: {{ (.Alerts.Resolved | first).EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
|
||||
📝 **Summary**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
|
||||
{{ end }}
|
||||
{{ end }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{ define "telegram.warning.message" }}
|
||||
{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}
|
||||
⚠️ *[WARNING]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
|
||||
**Details**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}
|
||||
{{ else }}
|
||||
✅ *[WARNING RESOLVED]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
|
||||
📝 {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
|
||||
{{ end }}
|
||||
{{ end }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{ define "telegram.db.message" }}
|
||||
{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}
|
||||
🛠 *[DB ALERT]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }} ({{ .CommonLabels.service }})
|
||||
|
||||
{{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}
|
||||
**Action required**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.runbook }}
|
||||
{{ else }}
|
||||
✅ *[DB ALERT RESOLVED]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }} ({{ .CommonLabels.service }})
|
||||
📝 {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
|
||||
{{ end }}
|
||||
{{ end }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{ define "telegram.default.message" }}
|
||||
{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}
|
||||
ℹ️ *[ALERT]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
|
||||
|
||||
{{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
|
||||
{{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}
|
||||
{{ else }}
|
||||
✅ *[ALERT RESOLVED]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
|
||||
📝 {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
|
||||
{{ end }}
|
||||
{{ end }}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- `/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml`
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
global:
|
||||
resolve_timeout: 5m
|
||||
http_config:
|
||||
follow_redirects: true
|
||||
|
||||
templates:
|
||||
- '/etc/alertmanager/templates/*.tmpl'
|
||||
|
||||
route:
|
||||
group_by: ['alertname', 'severity']
|
||||
group_wait: 30s
|
||||
group_interval: 5m
|
||||
repeat_interval: 4h
|
||||
receiver: 'telegram-default'
|
||||
|
||||
routes:
|
||||
- match:
|
||||
severity: 'critical'
|
||||
receiver: 'telegram-critical'
|
||||
continue: false
|
||||
group_interval: 15m
|
||||
repeat_interval: 2h
|
||||
|
||||
- match:
|
||||
severity: 'warning'
|
||||
receiver: 'telegram-warnings'
|
||||
group_interval: 1h
|
||||
repeat_interval: 12h
|
||||
|
||||
- match_re:
|
||||
service: 'mysql|postgres|influx'
|
||||
receiver: 'telegram-db-team'
|
||||
|
||||
inhibit_rules:
|
||||
- source_match:
|
||||
severity: 'critical'
|
||||
target_match:
|
||||
severity: 'warning'
|
||||
equal: ['alertname']
|
||||
|
||||
receivers:
|
||||
- name: 'telegram-critical'
|
||||
telegram_configs:
|
||||
- bot_token: 'BOT_TOKEN'
|
||||
chat_id: CHAT_ID
|
||||
parse_mode: 'Markdown'
|
||||
message: '{{ template "telegram.critical.message" . }}'
|
||||
send_resolved: true
|
||||
|
||||
- name: 'telegram-warnings'
|
||||
telegram_configs:
|
||||
- bot_token: 'BOT_TOKEN'
|
||||
chat_id: CHAT_ID
|
||||
parse_mode: 'Markdown'
|
||||
message: '{{ template "telegram.warning.message" . }}'
|
||||
send_resolved: true
|
||||
|
||||
- name: 'telegram-db-team'
|
||||
telegram_configs:
|
||||
- bot_token: 'BOT_TOKEN'
|
||||
chat_id: CHAT_ID
|
||||
parse_mode: 'Markdown'
|
||||
message: '{{ template "telegram.db.message" . }}'
|
||||
send_resolved: true
|
||||
|
||||
- name: 'telegram-default'
|
||||
telegram_configs:
|
||||
- bot_token: 'BOT_TOKEN'
|
||||
chat_id: CHAT_ID
|
||||
parse_mode: 'Markdown'
|
||||
message: '{{ template "telegram.default.message" . }}'
|
||||
send_resolved: true
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# проверка конфига
|
||||
amtool check-config /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
|
||||
# проверка шаблонов
|
||||
amtool check-config /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --template-files /etc/alertmanager/templates/*.tmpl
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
systemctl restart prometheus alertmanager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- `/etc/prometheus/rules/*_rules.yml`
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
groups:
|
||||
- name: Infrastructure
|
||||
rules:
|
||||
# CPU
|
||||
- alert: HighCpuUsage
|
||||
expr: 100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100 > 80
|
||||
for: 10m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: warning
|
||||
category: infra
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "High CPU usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
|
||||
description: "CPU usage is {{ $value }}% for 10 minutes."
|
||||
|
||||
# Memory
|
||||
- alert: HighMemoryUsage
|
||||
expr: (1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes))) * 100 > 85
|
||||
for: 15m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: warning
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "High memory usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
|
||||
description: "Memory usage is {{ $value }}% for 15 minutes."
|
||||
|
||||
# Disk
|
||||
- alert: LowDiskSpace
|
||||
expr: (node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint=~"/|/var", fstype!="tmpfs"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint=~"/|/var"} * 100) < 15
|
||||
for: 10m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: critical
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "Low disk space on {{ $labels.mountpoint }} ({{ $labels.instance }})"
|
||||
description: "Only {{ printf \"%.2f\" $value }}% space left on {{ $labels.mountpoint }}."
|
||||
|
||||
# Network
|
||||
- alert: HighNetworkErrors
|
||||
expr: rate(node_network_transmit_errs_total[2m]) + rate(node_network_receive_errs_total[2m]) > 10
|
||||
for: 5m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: warning
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "Network errors on {{ $labels.instance }}"
|
||||
|
||||
- name: ServiceHealth
|
||||
rules:
|
||||
# Service Availability
|
||||
- alert: ServiceDown
|
||||
expr: up == 0
|
||||
for: 3m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: critical
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "Service {{ $labels.job }} down on {{ $labels.instance }}"
|
||||
description: "The service has been down for more than 3 minutes."
|
||||
|
||||
- name: PrometheusMonitoring
|
||||
rules:
|
||||
# Prometheus self-monitoring
|
||||
- alert: PrometheusDown
|
||||
expr: up{job="prometheus"} == 0
|
||||
for: 5m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: critical
|
||||
category: monitoring
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "Prometheus is unreachable"
|
||||
description: "Prometheus is up==0 for more than 5 minutes."
|
||||
|
||||
# Exporter monitoring (Node Exporter)
|
||||
- alert: NodeExporterDown
|
||||
expr: up{job="node"} == 0
|
||||
for: 5m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: critical
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "Node Exporter down on {{ $labels.instance }}"
|
||||
|
||||
# Alertmanager monitoring
|
||||
- alert: AlertmanagerDown
|
||||
expr: up{job="alertmanager"} == 0
|
||||
for: 5m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: critical
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "Alertmanager is unreachable"
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# проверить
|
||||
promtool check rules /etc/prometheus/rules/*.yml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Blackbox Exporter
|
||||
|
||||
- Создаём пользователя
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
useradd --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin blackbox_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Устанавливаем
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.26.0/blackbox_exporter-0.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
tar -xzvf blackbox_exporter-0.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
mv blackbox_exporter-0.26.0.linux-amd64/blackbox_exporter /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
chown blackbox_exporter:blackbox_exporter /usr/local/bin/blackbox_exporter
|
||||
rm -rf blackbox_exporter*
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Структура конфига `Blackbox exporter`
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
modules:
|
||||
<module_name>:
|
||||
prober: <type>
|
||||
<type_specific_settings>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Конфигурируем экспортер
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mkdir /etc/blackbox_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- `vi /etc/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml`
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
modules:
|
||||
http_2xx:
|
||||
prober: http
|
||||
timeout: 5s
|
||||
http:
|
||||
valid_status_codes:
|
||||
- 200
|
||||
- 201
|
||||
- 202
|
||||
- 203
|
||||
- 204
|
||||
- 205
|
||||
- 206
|
||||
- 207
|
||||
- 208
|
||||
- 226
|
||||
|
||||
http_auth_2xx:
|
||||
prober: http
|
||||
timeout: 5s
|
||||
http:
|
||||
headers:
|
||||
# логин:пароль в base64 (echo -n login:pass | base64)
|
||||
Authorization: "Basic YWRtRTc0fakehashfdVnZldWE="
|
||||
valid_status_codes:
|
||||
- 200
|
||||
- 201
|
||||
- 202
|
||||
- 203
|
||||
- 204
|
||||
- 205
|
||||
- 206
|
||||
- 207
|
||||
- 208
|
||||
- 226
|
||||
|
||||
tcp_connect:
|
||||
prober: tcp
|
||||
timeout: 5s
|
||||
|
||||
postgres_tcp:
|
||||
prober: tcp
|
||||
tcp:
|
||||
tls: false
|
||||
|
||||
mariadb_tcp:
|
||||
prober: tcp
|
||||
tcp:
|
||||
query_response:
|
||||
- expect: "^"
|
||||
tls: false
|
||||
|
||||
vm_icmp:
|
||||
prober: icmp
|
||||
timeout: 3s
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
chown -R blackbox_exporter:blackbox_exporter /etc/blackbox_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- `vi /etc/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service`
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Prometheus Blackbox Exporter
|
||||
Wants=network-online.target
|
||||
After=network-online.target
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
User=blackbox_exporter
|
||||
Group=blackbox_exporter
|
||||
AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_RAW
|
||||
CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_RAW
|
||||
Type=simple
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/blackbox_exporter \
|
||||
--config.file=/etc/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml \
|
||||
--web.listen-address="127.0.0.1:9115"
|
||||
Restart=on-failure
|
||||
|
||||
[Install]
|
||||
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Запускаем экспортер
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
systemctl enable --now blackbox_exporter
|
||||
systemctl status blackbox_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Проверка
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl http://127.0.0.1:9115/metrics
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Настроим доступ к экспортеру по HTTPS `vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/blackbox.mcarov.pro`
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
server {
|
||||
server_name blackbox.mcarov.pro;
|
||||
|
||||
location / {
|
||||
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9115;
|
||||
proxy_set_header Host $host;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
access_log /var/log/nginx/blackbox.mcarov.pro.access.log;
|
||||
error_log /var/log/nginx/blackbox.mcarov.pro.error.log;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/blackbox.mcarov.pro /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
|
||||
nginx -t
|
||||
systemctl reload nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
certbot --nginx -d blackbox.mcarov.pro
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Добавить в `/etc/crontab` для обновления сертов
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
0 0,12 * * * root /opt/certbot/bin/python -c 'import random; import time; time.sleep(random.random() * 3600)' && sudo certbot renew -q
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Базовая аутентификация
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
apt install apache2-utils
|
||||
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/blackbox
|
||||
htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/blackbox/.htpasswd admin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```conf
|
||||
# Добавить в конфиг nginx
|
||||
auth_basic "Blackbox auth";
|
||||
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/blackbox/.htpasswd;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
nginx -t
|
||||
systemctl reload nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- `vi /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml`
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
- job_name: 'blackbox-http'
|
||||
metrics_path: /probe
|
||||
scheme: https
|
||||
basic_auth:
|
||||
username: 'admin'
|
||||
password: 'password'
|
||||
tls_config:
|
||||
insecure_skip_verify: false
|
||||
params:
|
||||
module: [http_2xx]
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets:
|
||||
- https://grafana.mcarov.pro
|
||||
- https://git.mcarov.pro
|
||||
- https://wiki.mcarov.pro
|
||||
- https://minio.mcarov.pro
|
||||
- https://influx.mcarov.pro/ping
|
||||
relabel_configs: &relabel
|
||||
- source_labels: [__address__]
|
||||
target_label: __param_target
|
||||
- source_labels: [__param_target]
|
||||
target_label: instance
|
||||
- target_label: __address__
|
||||
replacement: blackbox.mcarov.pro
|
||||
|
||||
- job_name: 'blackbox-http-auth'
|
||||
metrics_path: /probe
|
||||
scheme: https
|
||||
basic_auth:
|
||||
username: 'admin'
|
||||
password: 'password'
|
||||
tls_config:
|
||||
insecure_skip_verify: false
|
||||
params:
|
||||
module: [http_auth_2xx]
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets:
|
||||
- https://alertmanager.mcarov.pro
|
||||
- https://prometheus.mcarov.pro
|
||||
- https://blackbox.mcarov.pro
|
||||
relabel_configs: *relabel
|
||||
|
||||
- job_name: 'postgres-check'
|
||||
metrics_path: /probe
|
||||
scheme: https
|
||||
basic_auth:
|
||||
username: 'admin'
|
||||
password: 'password'
|
||||
tls_config:
|
||||
insecure_skip_verify: false
|
||||
params:
|
||||
module: [postgres_tcp]
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets:
|
||||
- 127.0.0.1:5432
|
||||
relabel_configs: *relabel
|
||||
|
||||
- job_name: 'mariadb-check'
|
||||
metrics_path: /probe
|
||||
scheme: https
|
||||
basic_auth:
|
||||
username: 'admin'
|
||||
password: 'password'
|
||||
tls_config:
|
||||
insecure_skip_verify: false
|
||||
params:
|
||||
module: [mariadb_tcp]
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets:
|
||||
- 89.22.28.13:3306
|
||||
relabel_configs: *relabel
|
||||
|
||||
- job_name: 'vm-ping'
|
||||
metrics_path: /probe
|
||||
scheme: https
|
||||
basic_auth:
|
||||
username: 'admin'
|
||||
password: 'password'
|
||||
tls_config:
|
||||
insecure_skip_verify: false
|
||||
params:
|
||||
module: [vm_icmp]
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets:
|
||||
- 192.10.139.92
|
||||
- 150.21.66.94
|
||||
- 89.2.228.13
|
||||
relabel_configs: *relabel
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### ура, Алерты для блэкбокс
|
||||
|
||||
- `vi blackbox_alerts.yml`
|
||||
```yml
|
||||
groups:
|
||||
- name: blackbox_exporter_alerts
|
||||
rules:
|
||||
- alert: ServiceDown
|
||||
expr: probe_success == 0
|
||||
for: 2m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: critical
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "Сервис {{ $labels.instance }} недоступен"
|
||||
description: |
|
||||
Сервис {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }})
|
||||
не отвечает уже более 2 минут.
|
||||
|
||||
- alert: HighLatency
|
||||
expr: probe_success == 1 and avg_over_time(probe_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
|
||||
for: 5m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: warning
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "Высокая задержка у {{ $labels.instance }}"
|
||||
description: |
|
||||
Сервис {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }}) отвечает медленно:
|
||||
probe_duration_seconds={{ printf "%.3f" $value }}s (больше 1s)
|
||||
уже более 5 минут.
|
||||
|
||||
- alert: BlackboxSslCertificateWillExpireSoon
|
||||
expr: 0 <= round((last_over_time(probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry[10m]) - time()) / 86400, 0.1) < 3
|
||||
for: 0m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: warning
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "TLS-сертификат истёкает для {{ $labels.instance }}"
|
||||
description: |
|
||||
Срок действия TLS-сертификата для {{ $labels.instance }} истёкает через 3 дня.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- alert: TLSCertificateExpired
|
||||
expr: round((last_over_time(probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry[10m]) - time()) / 86400, 0.1) < 0
|
||||
for: 0m
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
severity: critical
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
summary: "TLS-сертификат истёк для {{ $labels.instance }}"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/rules/blackbox_alerts.yml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Добавить в `prometheus.yml`
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
rule_files:
|
||||
- 'rules/blackbox_alerts.yml'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- `promtool check config /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml`- проверка синтаксиса
|
||||
- `promtool check rules /etc/prometheus/rules/blackbox_alerts.yml` - проверка синтаксиса
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user