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71
docs/linux/Команды.md
View File

@ -359,74 +359,6 @@ config.yml
- `rsync -avz /path/to/file/filename.txt user_name@ip:/path/to/file` - передать файл на удалённый сервер
- `rsync -avz user_name@ip:/path/to/filename.txt .` - загрузить файл с удалённого сервера
#### Цепочка самоподписных сертификатов
- Создаём корневой (Root) CA
```bash
# корневой ключ
openssl genrsa -out rootCA.key 4096
# самоподписанный корневой сертификат (10 лет)
openssl req -x509 -new -key rootCA.key -days 3650 -sha256 \
-subj "/C=RU/O=BFT/CN=My-server-Root" \
-out rootCA.crt
```
- Конфиг OpenSSL для CSR
```conf
[ req ]
distinguished_name = dn
req_extensions = v3_req
prompt = no
[ dn ]
CN = dns
[ v3_req ]
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[ alt_names ]
DNS.1 = dns
IP.1 = ip
```
- Генерируем ключ + CSR и подписываем его корневым CA
```bash
# ключ и CSR
openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf
# выдаём серверный сертификат (825 дней — максимум для TLS-сертификата)
openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA rootCA.crt -CAkey rootCA.key \
-CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 825 -sha256 \
-extfile openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req
```
- Собираем PKCS#12-хранилище
```bash
openssl pkcs12 -export \
-inkey server.key \
-in server.crt \
-certfile rootCA.crt \
-out keystore.p12 \
-name tomcat
-password pass:PASSWORD
```
- Проверки
```bash
# посмотреть содержимое keystore.p12
openssl pkcs12 -in keystore.p12 -nokeys -info
# запускает tls-рукопожатие, записывает вывод
openssl s_client -connect srv-sp:8443 -showcerts
# проверить цепочку сертификатов
openssl verify -CAfile rootCA.crt server.crt
# посмотреть cn и issuer у сертииката
openssl x509 -in файл.crt -noout -subject -issuer
```
### Диски
- `fdisk -l`
@ -528,8 +460,6 @@ resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_local-root # или xfs_growfs
- `cat <filename> | grep -P "restrict(ed|ing)"` - ну понятно
- `grep -v '^ *#\|^ *$' /etc/squid/squid.conf` - вывести все незакомментированные строки
- `grep -rI '150.241.66.94' /etc` - все вхождения в каталоге `/etc`, кроме бинарных
??? info "Флаги grep"
Если не работает корректная регулярка, добавить один из этих флагов
@ -624,3 +554,4 @@ Logrotate - это системная утилита Linux, которая уп
- `atop` - мегаtop (-d детализация по дискам, -m детализация по памяти)
- `perf`
- `smartctl` - инфа по дискам

946
docs/monitoring/Prometheus.md
View File

@ -259,948 +259,4 @@ increase(<метрика>[<интервал>])
- `promtool check config prometheus.yml`- проверка синтаксиса
- `promtool check rules rules.yml` - проверка синтаксиса
- `promtool test rules rules_test.yml`
### Telegraf
- `telegraf --test --config /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf --input-filter tail` - запустить телеграф в режиме отладки
### PostgreSQL Exporter
- Создать пользователя для мониторинга
```sql
CREATE USER postgres_exporter WITH PASSWORD 'password';
ALTER USER postgres_exporter SET SEARCH_PATH TO pg_catalog;
GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE postgres TO postgres_exporter;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA pg_catalog TO postgres_exporter;
GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION pg_ls_waldir TO postgres_exporter;
GRANT pg_read_all_stats TO postgres_exporter;
```
- Установить Exporter
```bash
wget https://github.com/prometheus-community/postgres_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.1/postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
rm postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64/
mv postgres_exporter /usr/local/bin/
cd ..
rm -rf postgres_exporter-0.17.1.linux-amd64/
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/postgres_exporter
/usr/local/bin/postgres_exporter --version
```
- Добавить в `postgresql.conf`
```conf
ssl = on
ssl_cert_file = '/etc/postgresql/ssl/server.crt'
ssl_key_file = '/etc/postgresql/ssl/server.key'
ssl_ca_file = '/etc/postgresql/ssl/root.crt'
```
- Сгенирировать серты, включая корневой (самоподписные)
```bash
mkdir -p /etc/postgresql/ssl
chown postgres:postgres /etc/postgresql/ssl
chmod 700 /etc/postgresql/ssl
openssl genrsa -out /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.key 4096
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.key -sha256 -days 3650 \
-out /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.crt \
-subj "/CN=PostgreSQL Root CA"
chmod 600 /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.key
openssl genrsa -out /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.key 2048
openssl req -new -key /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.key -out /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.csr \
-subj "/CN=$(hostname)"
openssl x509 -req -in /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.csr -CA /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.crt \
-CAkey /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.key -CAcreateserial -out /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.crt \
-days 3650 -sha256
chmod 600 /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.key
chown postgres:postgres /etc/postgresql/ssl/server.*
systemctl restart postgresql
```
- Ограничить в `pg_hba.conf` доступ для пользователя `postgres_exporter`
```conf
hostssl postgres postgres_exporter 127.0.0.1/32 scram-sha-256
```
- Конфигурируем клиент
```bash
useradd -r -s /bin/false postgres_exporter
chown -R postgres_exporter:postgres_exporter /etc/postgres_exporter
chmod 600 /etc/postgres_exporter/*
mkdir -p /etc/postgres_exporter
cp /etc/postgresql/ssl/root.crt /etc/postgres_exporter/
chmod 700 /etc/postgres_exporter
chmod 400 /etc/postgres_exporter/root.crt
```
- Конфигурируем systemd
```bash
# Файл /etc/postgres_exporter/env
DATA_SOURCE_NAME=postgresql://postgres_exporter:password@127.0.0.1:5432/postgres?sslmode=verify-ca&sslrootcert=/etc/postgres_exporter/root.crt
```
```bash
# Файл /etc/systemd/system/postgres_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL Exporter for Prometheus
After=network.target
[Service]
User=postgres_exporter
Group=postgres_exporter
EnvironmentFile=/etc/postgres_exporter/env
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/postgres_exporter
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
- Добавить в prometheus.yml
```yml
- job_name: 'postgres_exporter'
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9187']
```
```bash
systemctl restart prometheus
```
### MariaDB Exporter
#### На сервере MariaDB
- Создать файл `openssl.cnf`
```conf
[ req ]
prompt = no
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions = v3_req
[ req_distinguished_name ]
CN = 89.22.228.13
[ v3_req ]
keyUsage = keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[ alt_names ]
DNS.1 = mariadb.mcarov.pro
IP.1 = 89.22.228.13
```
- Создаём серты
```bash
mkdir -p /etc/mysql/ssl
openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -days 3650 \
-subj "/CN=MyMariaDB-CA" \
-keyout /etc/mysql/ssl/ca-key.pem \
-out /etc/mysql/ssl/ca.pem \
-sha256 -days 3650
openssl req -new -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 \
-keyout /etc/mysql/ssl/server-key.pem \
-out /etc/mysql/ssl/server.csr \
-config openssl.cnf
openssl x509 -req -in /etc/mysql/ssl/server.csr \
-CA /etc/mysql/ssl/ca.pem -CAkey /etc/mysql/ssl/ca-key.pem \
-CAcreateserial \
-out /etc/mysql/ssl/server-cert.pem \
-days 3650 -sha256 \
-extensions v3_req -extfile openssl.cnf
```
- В конфиге MariaDB
```conf
[mysqld]
ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ssl/ca.pem
ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/ssl/server-cert.pem
ssl-key=/etc/mysql/ssl/server-key.pem
```
```bash
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
```
- Создать в базе пользователя экспортера
```sql
CREATE USER 'mariadb_exporter'@'192.109.139.92' IDENTIFIED BY 'mariadb_exporter';
GRANT SELECT, PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, RELOAD ON *.* TO 'mariadb_exporter'@'192.109.139.92' IDENTIFIED BY 'mariadb_exporter';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
```
#### На сервере Exporter
- Ставим экспортер на вм, где есть Pronetheus Server
```bash
wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.2/mysqld_exporter-0.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf mysqld_exporter-0.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
rm mysqld_exporter-0.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv mysqld_exporter-0.17.2.linux-amd64/mysqld_exporter /usr/local/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mysqld_exporter
```
- Создаём пользователя для экспортера
```bash
useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin mariadb_exporter
mkdir -p /etc/mariadb_exporter
chown -R mariadb_exporter:mariadb_exporter /etc/mariadb_exporter
```
- Создать `/etc/mariadb_exporter/.my.cnf`
```conf
[client]
user=mariadb_exporter
password=mariadb_exporter
host=89.22.228.14
ssl-ca=/etc/mariadb_exporter/ca.pem
ssl-verify-server-cert
```
```bash
chown -R mariadb_exporter:mariadb_exporter /etc/mariadb_exporter
```
- Создаём Unit-файл
```conf
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus MariaDB Exporter
After=network.target
[Service]
User=mariadb_exporter
Group=mariadb_exporter
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/mysqld_exporter \
--config.my-cnf=/etc/mariadb_exporter/.my.cnf
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
```bash
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now mariadb_exporter
```
- Добавляем в `prometheus.yml`
```yml
- job_name: 'mariadb_exporter'
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9104']
```
- Проверка
```bash
curl http://localhost:9104/metrics
```
## Alerts
### Устанавливаем `Alertmanager`
```bash
useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin alertmanager
wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.28.1/alertmanager-0.28.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf alertmanager-*.tar.gz
mv alertmanager-*/alertmanager /usr/local/bin/
mv alertmanager-*/amtool /usr/local/bin/
chown alertmanager:alertmanager /usr/local/bin/alertmanager
chown alertmanager:alertmanager /usr/local/bin/amtool
rm -rf alertmanager-*
```
- Подготовка
```bash
mkdir -p /etc/alertmanager
mkdir -p /var/lib/alertmanager
chown -R alertmanager:alertmanager /etc/alertmanager /var/lib/alertmanager
```
- Файл `/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml`
```yml
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
route:
group_by: ['alertname']
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 5m
repeat_interval: 1h
receiver: 'default-receiver'
receivers:
- name: 'default-receiver'
webhook_configs:
- url: 'http://localhost:9093/-/healthy' # временный URL для теста
send_resolved: true
```
- Файл `/etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service`
```conf
[Unit]
Description=Alertmanager
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
[Service]
User=alertmanager
Group=alertmanager
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/alertmanager \
--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml \
--storage.path=/var/lib/alertmanager
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
```bash
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now alertmanager
systemctl status alertmanager
```
#### HTTPS Alertmanager
- `vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/alertmanager.mcarov.pro`
```conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name alertmanager.mcarov.pro;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9093;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
}
```
```bash
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/alertmanager.mcarov.pro /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
nginx -t
systemctl reload nginx
```
```bash
certbot --nginx -d alertmanager.mcarov.pro
```
- Аутентификация
```bash
htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/alertmanager/.htpasswd admin
```
```conf
# Добавить в кофиг nginx
auth_basic "Alertmanager";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/alertmanager/.htpasswd;
```
```bash
nginx -t
systemctl reload nginx
```
### Настройка алертов
- Добавить `Alertmanager` в `prometheus.yml`
```yml
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9093']
```
```bash
systemctl restart prometheus
```
- Проверка
```
# Должен вернуть ОК
curl http://localhost:9093/-/healthy
amtool check-config /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
```
- Создай бота в телеграм, создай чат, добавь его в чат
- Получи `chat-id`
!!! warning ""
В чате должно быть минимум 1 сообщения
```bash
curl "https://api.telegram.org/bot<BOT_TOKEN>/getUpdates" | jq
```
- `/etc/alertmanager/templates/telegram.tmpl`
```
{{ define "telegram.critical.message" }}
{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}
🔥 *[CRITICAL ALERT]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
📌 **Instance**: {{ .CommonLabels.instance }}
🕒 **Firing since**: {{ (.Alerts.Firing | first).StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
📝 **Summary**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
{{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}
{{ if .CommonAnnotations.runbook }}🔗 **Runbook**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.runbook }}{{ end }}
{{ else }}
✅ *[CRITICAL RESOLVED]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
📌 **Instance**: {{ .CommonLabels.instance }}
🕒 **Resolved at**: {{ (.Alerts.Resolved | first).EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
📝 **Summary**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ define "telegram.warning.message" }}
{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}
⚠️ *[WARNING]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
{{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
**Details**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}
{{ else }}
✅ *[WARNING RESOLVED]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
📝 {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ define "telegram.db.message" }}
{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}
🛠 *[DB ALERT]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }} ({{ .CommonLabels.service }})
{{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}
**Action required**: {{ .CommonAnnotations.runbook }}
{{ else }}
✅ *[DB ALERT RESOLVED]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }} ({{ .CommonLabels.service }})
📝 {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ define "telegram.default.message" }}
{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}
ℹ️ *[ALERT]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
{{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
{{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}
{{ else }}
✅ *[ALERT RESOLVED]* {{ .CommonLabels.alertname }}
📝 {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
```
- `/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml`
```yml
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
http_config:
follow_redirects: true
templates:
- '/etc/alertmanager/templates/*.tmpl'
route:
group_by: ['alertname', 'severity']
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 5m
repeat_interval: 4h
receiver: 'telegram-default'
routes:
- match:
severity: 'critical'
receiver: 'telegram-critical'
continue: false
group_interval: 15m
repeat_interval: 2h
- match:
severity: 'warning'
receiver: 'telegram-warnings'
group_interval: 1h
repeat_interval: 12h
- match_re:
service: 'mysql|postgres|influx'
receiver: 'telegram-db-team'
inhibit_rules:
- source_match:
severity: 'critical'
target_match:
severity: 'warning'
equal: ['alertname']
receivers:
- name: 'telegram-critical'
telegram_configs:
- bot_token: 'BOT_TOKEN'
chat_id: CHAT_ID
parse_mode: 'Markdown'
message: '{{ template "telegram.critical.message" . }}'
send_resolved: true
- name: 'telegram-warnings'
telegram_configs:
- bot_token: 'BOT_TOKEN'
chat_id: CHAT_ID
parse_mode: 'Markdown'
message: '{{ template "telegram.warning.message" . }}'
send_resolved: true
- name: 'telegram-db-team'
telegram_configs:
- bot_token: 'BOT_TOKEN'
chat_id: CHAT_ID
parse_mode: 'Markdown'
message: '{{ template "telegram.db.message" . }}'
send_resolved: true
- name: 'telegram-default'
telegram_configs:
- bot_token: 'BOT_TOKEN'
chat_id: CHAT_ID
parse_mode: 'Markdown'
message: '{{ template "telegram.default.message" . }}'
send_resolved: true
```
```bash
# проверка конфига
amtool check-config /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
# проверка шаблонов
amtool check-config /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --template-files /etc/alertmanager/templates/*.tmpl
```
```bash
systemctl restart prometheus alertmanager
```
- `/etc/prometheus/rules/*_rules.yml`
```yml
groups:
- name: Infrastructure
rules:
# CPU
- alert: HighCpuUsage
expr: 100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100 > 80
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
category: infra
annotations:
summary: "High CPU usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "CPU usage is {{ $value }}% for 10 minutes."
# Memory
- alert: HighMemoryUsage
expr: (1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes))) * 100 > 85
for: 15m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "High memory usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "Memory usage is {{ $value }}% for 15 minutes."
# Disk
- alert: LowDiskSpace
expr: (node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint=~"/|/var", fstype!="tmpfs"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint=~"/|/var"} * 100) < 15
for: 10m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "Low disk space on {{ $labels.mountpoint }} ({{ $labels.instance }})"
description: "Only {{ printf \"%.2f\" $value }}% space left on {{ $labels.mountpoint }}."
# Network
- alert: HighNetworkErrors
expr: rate(node_network_transmit_errs_total[2m]) + rate(node_network_receive_errs_total[2m]) > 10
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "Network errors on {{ $labels.instance }}"
- name: ServiceHealth
rules:
# Service Availability
- alert: ServiceDown
expr: up == 0
for: 3m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "Service {{ $labels.job }} down on {{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "The service has been down for more than 3 minutes."
- name: PrometheusMonitoring
rules:
# Prometheus self-monitoring
- alert: PrometheusDown
expr: up{job="prometheus"} == 0
for: 5m
labels:
severity: critical
category: monitoring
annotations:
summary: "Prometheus is unreachable"
description: "Prometheus is up==0 for more than 5 minutes."
# Exporter monitoring (Node Exporter)
- alert: NodeExporterDown
expr: up{job="node"} == 0
for: 5m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "Node Exporter down on {{ $labels.instance }}"
# Alertmanager monitoring
- alert: AlertmanagerDown
expr: up{job="alertmanager"} == 0
for: 5m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "Alertmanager is unreachable"
```
```bash
# проверить
promtool check rules /etc/prometheus/rules/*.yml
```
### Blackbox Exporter
- Создаём пользователя
```bash
useradd --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin blackbox_exporter
```
- Устанавливаем
```bash
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.26.0/blackbox_exporter-0.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf blackbox_exporter-0.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv blackbox_exporter-0.26.0.linux-amd64/blackbox_exporter /usr/local/bin/
chown blackbox_exporter:blackbox_exporter /usr/local/bin/blackbox_exporter
rm -rf blackbox_exporter*
```
- Структура конфига `Blackbox exporter`
```bash
modules:
<module_name>:
prober: <type>
<type_specific_settings>
```
- Конфигурируем экспортер
```bash
mkdir /etc/blackbox_exporter
```
- `vi /etc/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml`
```yml
modules:
http_2xx:
prober: http
timeout: 5s
http:
valid_status_codes:
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 226
http_auth_2xx:
prober: http
timeout: 5s
http:
headers:
# логин:пароль в base64 (echo -n login:pass | base64)
Authorization: "Basic YWRtRTc0fakehashfdVnZldWE="
valid_status_codes:
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 226
tcp_connect:
prober: tcp
timeout: 5s
postgres_tcp:
prober: tcp
tcp:
tls: false
mariadb_tcp:
prober: tcp
tcp:
query_response:
- expect: "^"
tls: false
vm_icmp:
prober: icmp
timeout: 3s
```
```bash
chown -R blackbox_exporter:blackbox_exporter /etc/blackbox_exporter
```
- `vi /etc/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service`
```bash
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Blackbox Exporter
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
[Service]
User=blackbox_exporter
Group=blackbox_exporter
AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_RAW
CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_RAW
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/blackbox_exporter \
--config.file=/etc/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml \
--web.listen-address="127.0.0.1:9115"
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
- Запускаем экспортер
```bash
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now blackbox_exporter
systemctl status blackbox_exporter
```
- Проверка
```bash
curl http://127.0.0.1:9115/metrics
```
- Настроим доступ к экспортеру по HTTPS `vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/blackbox.mcarov.pro`
```bash
server {
server_name blackbox.mcarov.pro;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9115;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
access_log /var/log/nginx/blackbox.mcarov.pro.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/blackbox.mcarov.pro.error.log;
}
```
```bash
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/blackbox.mcarov.pro /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
nginx -t
systemctl reload nginx
```
```bash
certbot --nginx -d blackbox.mcarov.pro
```
- Добавить в `/etc/crontab` для обновления сертов
```bash
0 0,12 * * * root /opt/certbot/bin/python -c 'import random; import time; time.sleep(random.random() * 3600)' && sudo certbot renew -q
```
- Базовая аутентификация
```bash
apt install apache2-utils
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/blackbox
htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/blackbox/.htpasswd admin
```
```conf
# Добавить в конфиг nginx
auth_basic "Blackbox auth";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/blackbox/.htpasswd;
```
```bash
nginx -t
systemctl reload nginx
```
- `vi /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml`
```yml
- job_name: 'blackbox-http'
metrics_path: /probe
scheme: https
basic_auth:
username: 'admin'
password: 'password'
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: false
params:
module: [http_2xx]
static_configs:
- targets:
- https://grafana.mcarov.pro
- https://git.mcarov.pro
- https://wiki.mcarov.pro
- https://minio.mcarov.pro
- https://influx.mcarov.pro/ping
relabel_configs: &relabel
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox.mcarov.pro
- job_name: 'blackbox-http-auth'
metrics_path: /probe
scheme: https
basic_auth:
username: 'admin'
password: 'password'
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: false
params:
module: [http_auth_2xx]
static_configs:
- targets:
- https://alertmanager.mcarov.pro
- https://prometheus.mcarov.pro
- https://blackbox.mcarov.pro
relabel_configs: *relabel
- job_name: 'postgres-check'
metrics_path: /probe
scheme: https
basic_auth:
username: 'admin'
password: 'password'
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: false
params:
module: [postgres_tcp]
static_configs:
- targets:
- 127.0.0.1:5432
relabel_configs: *relabel
- job_name: 'mariadb-check'
metrics_path: /probe
scheme: https
basic_auth:
username: 'admin'
password: 'password'
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: false
params:
module: [mariadb_tcp]
static_configs:
- targets:
- 89.22.28.13:3306
relabel_configs: *relabel
- job_name: 'vm-ping'
metrics_path: /probe
scheme: https
basic_auth:
username: 'admin'
password: 'password'
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: false
params:
module: [vm_icmp]
static_configs:
- targets:
- 192.10.139.92
- 150.21.66.94
- 89.2.228.13
relabel_configs: *relabel
```
#### ура, Алерты для блэкбокс
- `vi blackbox_alerts.yml`
```yml
groups:
- name: blackbox_exporter_alerts
rules:
- alert: ServiceDown
expr: probe_success == 0
for: 2m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "Сервис {{ $labels.instance }} недоступен"
description: |
Сервис {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }})
не отвечает уже более 2 минут.
- alert: HighLatency
expr: probe_success == 1 and avg_over_time(probe_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "Высокая задержка у {{ $labels.instance }}"
description: |
Сервис {{ $labels.instance }} (job={{ $labels.job }}) отвечает медленно:
probe_duration_seconds={{ printf "%.3f" $value }}s (больше 1s)
уже более 5 минут.
- alert: BlackboxSslCertificateWillExpireSoon
expr: 0 <= round((last_over_time(probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry[10m]) - time()) / 86400, 0.1) < 3
for: 0m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "TLS-сертификат истёкает для {{ $labels.instance }}"
description: |
Срок действия TLS-сертификата для {{ $labels.instance }} истёкает через 3 дня.
- alert: TLSCertificateExpired
expr: round((last_over_time(probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry[10m]) - time()) / 86400, 0.1) < 0
for: 0m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "TLS-сертификат истёк для {{ $labels.instance }}"
```
```bash
chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/rules/blackbox_alerts.yml
```
- Добавить в `prometheus.yml`
```bash
rule_files:
- 'rules/blackbox_alerts.yml'
```
- `promtool check config /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml`- проверка синтаксиса
- `promtool check rules /etc/prometheus/rules/blackbox_alerts.yml` - проверка синтаксиса
- `promtool test rules rules_test.yml`